True, without the fuse for the new cable going from Battery to the alternator the cable could become the fuse if there is a short. These large fuses near the battery are really to protect the battery from excessive discharge if there is a short on the large wires connecting starter and alternator. Most of the starter and alternator wires are oversized to reduce voltage loss at high currents, so they can handle several hundred amps for a time before being damaged, but the constant battery discharge could damage the battery.
If the wires are properly routed, there is pretty low risk of a bad short to ground unless in an accident, or the alternator output stud shorts out.
I confess that when I first converted my car, I did it wrong by leaving the original alternator output wire connected. No shorts so no harm done, but someone pointed out the new alternator wire to battery cable was by-passing the fusible link, making it useless if there was a short.
That is why I like these forums, get to discuss and learn from them.