Sometimes EFI makes more power, sometimes a carb makes more power. Typically if you have an engine that is designed for a carb and you put EFI on it then the power is roughly the same. EFI will make more power if you use a dedicated EFI intake but there aren't many of those around. At this point in time most people are running EFI on a carb intake so the power stays the same. EFI is much easier to tune (if you know what you're doing) so it can be a lot faster to get the engine to max power. Very few hot rodders ever full tune a carb/distributor combo because it is just too much work. But with EFI you can quickly home in on a tune.
I dyno tune EFI engines in half a day while carb/distributor engines take a full day or a day and half. If you have to recurve a distributor a couple of times then you're losing money. An EFI timing table can be reprogrammed in seconds while it takes an hour or more to recurve a distributor. Jetting a carb takes a lot longer than changing the target AFR table. If you have to tinker with the emulsion or air bleeds or transfer slots on a carb then you are into it for more than an hour. Even something like accelerator pump tuning can take a long time with a carb. Changing pump cams and nozzles is a chore. With EFI you look at the data log and add or subtract some fuel from the AE curve and you're done.
ALL OF THAT is exactly what I was thinking of, knowing of examples of carbs making more power than the EFI that came after on "a build" that developed over time, several instances that I've read about or seen on TV.
This coming from the guy (me) who has SIX 2bbl carbs to deal with between 2 cars.
I have invested in BOTH carb arrays, the Rochester Tripower most recently having been sent to Dick Boneske, a master tuner of Tripower carb setups. I sent the build specs of the 421, cam card, etc. and Dick drilled passages, rejetted, and other voodoo...
Promax modded my 6bbl, making it run better now, and easier to mod and tune in the future, with my mind on the 541 stroker, and the Weiand P3690982 6bbl CrossFlow "Super Stock" old school intake.
My last move with the Rochester Tripower was letting Boneske mod them, now fine tuning is up to me, as is doing something,
anything with the really nice, highly tunable Pertronix billet aluminum distributor w/Ignitor III module. ALL I've done is set initial no vacuum advance baseline timing, and checked it with the vacuum advance hooked up, and I believe there is a lot of performance improvement potential there, along with dialing in the Tripower.
There's a gorgeous "Tripower look alike" TBI/EFI setup, and it really does look like a Tripower, but turn key w/fuel pump, lines, tuning system, etc it's 8 grand!
I have seen a couple of jaw dropping beautiful Weiand 6bbl intakes like mine that are using the F&B Direct Port Injection setup, and ultimately having that intake become a "dry intake" eliminates the common, well known issues it has always had like fuel puddling and uneven distribution, fuel droplets coming out of suspension, etc.
I would LOVE to have it modded to Max Wedge ports, the EFI setup, plenum volume adjusted to work best with MY 541 stroker, and see what that could do, but I have over $1k in Promax parts in my 6bbl. That $1k is nothing compared to what the stroker will cost, including the BME aluminum block, and it's hard to not want to jump in with both feet and have F&B take it to the max, but I'm going to have a hard time getting the money together to finish the 541 build.