Hydrolocked a 350 GM that bent the rods.
Dropped a valve head at 6,000+ RPM in the old 451" stroker. Didn't break any rods, but the piston had holes in it and the head chamber had to be welded up and repaired. The intake valve was jamed up into the port which may have reduced the damage that could have happened.
Overreved a near stock 383 Mopar with 906 heads and bent some valves, but it still ran, but not well.
On the 500" stroker with 0.726" lift, I have broke the victor MW rocker stands and a rocker hold down stud and rocker shaft. That caused a pretty bad back fire and damaged a cylinder so it was sleeved.
Back when they started removing the zinc from oil, i wiped out a cam in a 360. Let it go too long, and needed to re-hone, re-ring, and new bearings, oil pump, cam lifters and such to repair.
Only a few rear axle and driveshaft failures, but several transmission failures.