Have you ever heard of paper railroad wheels? It doesn't seem real, but in the late 1800's they were a going concern. Made of compressed layers of paper pressed into a steel hub and rim, these wheels were popular until the early 1900s when the increased weight of larger railcars started to be cause problems with other types of composite wheels, such as wood core wheels, and fell out of public favor.
By "paper", I don't mean sheets of writing paper. These wheels used heavy strawboard, the sort of thick cardboard-like material that you would see in boxes or the covers of a hard covered book. Stacks of circular sheets of this strawboard were stacked and glued together, with a 650 ton press squeezing them together. After they were clamped for a few hours, they were allowed to completely dry out over a period of weeks. Then they were cut to size and fitted to a steel rim and hub. Heavy coats of oil based paint helped with waterproofing.
The reason for these wheels was for passenger use; they offered a far smoother and quieter ride than cast iron. Pullman coaches were good customers of this type of wheel, as well as the restaurant cars where a silent ride helped with the ambiance. The coach builder, George Pullman, advertised these wheels on his cars as a prestige item. The Allen Paper Car Wheel Company started operations in Morris, Illinois but sales kept increasing so factories were opened up in New York and Chicago as well. Each plant took about 80 employees to turn out 24 wheels per day. By 1886 they already had 60,000 of these wheels in service.
This design of wheel was so popular that it was produced in England and Germany for awhile. Even though they were strong enough to withstand the stresses, after their champion George Pullman died in 1897 the car builders started phasing them out due to the publicity of other types of composite wheel failures. But even after they were replaced with cast iron and cast steel wheels after a good twenty-five year run, it wasn't uncommon to see an example on old rolling stock even into the early 1960s.