Doing some bonehead type thinking, I tried to find common denominators in the cams that have failed and the ones that survived.
Of the engines that I have had, only 2 of them had camshafts/lifters fail while I owned the car and engine.
I have a 360 in a 67 Dart that was re-ringed in around 2001-2002. The guy used some low dollar cam and lifter set but later build a better engine and sold this one to me. The cam had a failing lobe so when I got it in 2005, I swapped in a Mopar Performance 280/474. I never took the engine apart to clean out debris, I just swapped in the new cam and lifters. The springs are what came on the #308 heads when I pulled them from some wreck in the junkyard. I did do the proper 2000 rpm break in. For almost 20 years that engine has ran fine even on regular oil, nothing special.
In 2008-2009, I built another 360 for a Duster I had back then. I used a Mopar Performance 292/508 but did use the proper break in oil, lube on the cam and pre-oiled it. The cam lost 2 or 3 lobes within 400 miles so I pulled the engine to douche it out, then swapped in another '508 cam.
Two separate engines, the first one was built while not following rules that everyone suggests to do. (nowadays they do, 20 years ago most were as careless as I was) The engine is still going. The second 360 was built with new protocols in play yet it still had a failure. Why is that?
The 440/495 in my red Charger started out with a MP 292/509 in 2004. By 2006 I wanted to try another cam so I switched to a Comp Cams XE285HL, an
Extreme Energy cam with .545 of lift. It went bad despite proper break in and the use of the Comp Cams pour in supplement. The second Comp Cams failed too, though the second one did last longer. Keep in mind, I did add the break in supplement during break in and with each oil change. I did not use dedicated "Hot Rod" type oil like this:
After the second cam failure, I went back to the MP '509 until a couple years later when I switched to the Lunati solid lifter along with Howards EDM lifters. The cam was too wild for me at the time but still in excellent condition. I switched to a MP solid, the popular '528. I ran the '528 with Valvoline VR-1 for many years since it seemed to work well with the Lunati cam.
I made the mistake of thinking that a new synthetic oil might be worth considering so I started using Redline oil...
Within a year, I lost several lobes on that '528 cam. The diagnosis? The Redline oil was high detergent and that detergent likely prevented the zinc in that oil from sticking to and protecting the cam and lifters. The Valvoline oil worked fine but my switch to the high detergent oil killed the cam. I didn't know about the detergent levels until after the failure.
I don't know why the cams failed in the past but the most recent one with the use of the Redline oil seems to be the most obvious.